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Real Estate8 min readMay 25, 2026

Top 5 Real Estate ROI Indicators: Cash-on-Cash vs IRR vs Cap Rate

Compare the top 5 real estate investment ROI metrics side-by-side. Master cash-on-cash return, internal rate of return, and cap rates.

Auditing Real Estate Profitability

Unlike public stocks where profit is simple to measure, real estate profitability depends on cash flow, loan amortization, property appreciation, and tax write-offs. To audit rental deals successfully, you must master the top indicators.

Here are the top 5 real estate ROI metrics compared:

  • 1. Capitalization Rate (Cap Rate): Measures a property's unleveraged return rate (Net Operating Income / Purchase Price).
  • 2. Cash-on-Cash Return: Measures the cash flow return relative to the actual cash you invested upfront (Annual Cash Flow / Total Cash Invested).
  • 3. Internal Rate of Return (IRR): Measures the total compound annual return rate, factoring in future cash flow, loan paydown, and sales value appreciation.
  • 4. Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR): Evaluates if a rental property generates enough cash flow to cover its monthly mortgage payments safely.
  • 5. Gross Rent Multiplier (GRM): A quick screening metric to compare property purchase prices to gross rental income (Purchase Price / Annual Gross Rent).

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